What to plant in your Australian garden where nothing else works
In the wild, Australian plants grow in places that look impossible: on rocks, flooded flats, deep shade and windy coastlines. They succeed because they are adapted to those pressures.
When the same thinking is applied at home, difficult areas become easier to manage. Choosing plants that evolved for the challenging conditions you're faced with in your garden can turn repeated failures into success.
1. Hot and exposed areas
Hot, exposed parts of the garden struggle when reflected sun, wind and shallow soils combine to dry plants out quickly, placing sustained stress on roots and foliage. Plants that aren’t adapted to these conditions often show leaf scorch, wilting and poor flowering, even when watered regularly.
Traits to look for in heat tolerant plants
Plants that cope in hot areas manage stress rather than fight it. Visually, this often shows up as narrow or leathery leaves, pale or silvery foliage that reflects heat and fine hairs that slow water loss. Many also have a growth habit that pauses during extreme heat until better weather arrives.
Native plant examples with these traits
Plants with these characteristics are common in exposed Australian landscapes, where survival depends on managing heat.
Kangaroo paw (Anigozanthos species) anchors itself with deep, resilient roots and narrow foliage that limits water loss. It tolerates intense sun by slowing growth during stress rather than collapsing, then resumes quickly when conditions ease.
Spreading emu bush (Eremophila glabra) is exceptionally well adapted to exposure. Its small leaves reduce moisture loss, while flexible growth tolerates wind and its ability to recover after prolonged heat makes it reliable in difficult sites.
Allthingsnative, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Twiggy daisy bush (Olearia ramulosa) shows many classic signs of heat tolerance, including fine foliage that limits water loss and an open structure that copes well with sun and wind without demanding constant care.
When planting in hard, dry ground, a sharp planting knife or hori-hori allows clean cuts through compacted soil without excessive disturbance. Deep watering tools like ollas encourage roots to grow down rather than lingering near the hot surface, while coarse mulch helps moderate soil temperature. See more plants for extreme heat.
2. Damp or poorly drained areas
In damp or poorly drained parts of the garden, oxygen levels drop in the soil and roots struggle to breathe. Plants that can't cope often show yellowing leaves, slow or patchy growth and root rot. Extra care rarely helps, because the issue is a lack of air in the ground. In these spaces, choosing plants that tolerate periodic saturation is the answer.
Traits to look for in plants that tolerate damp conditions
Plants suited to damp soils are adapted to cope with low oxygen around their roots. Visually, this often appears as strappy or narrow foliage, upright growth and stems that remain firm. Many wet-tolerant plants have roots and stems with air-filled channels (aerenchyma). These act like internal ventilation systems, stopping suffocation.
Native plant examples with these traits
Plants with these characteristics are common in Australian wetlands, creek lines and seasonally wet landscapes, where water levels rise and fall throughout the year.
Knobby club rush (Ficinia nodosa) is well adapted to soils that remain damp. Its dense, fibrous root system tolerates low oxygen conditions, while its upright stems remain stable. It is particularly useful in areas that collect runoff or stay wet through winter.
Rushes (Juncus species) have cylindrical stems and internal air spaces that allow oxygen to reach the roots, making them reliable performers in wet areas where many garden plants fail.
Austral brooklime (Gratiola peruviana) tolerates damp soils and periodic waterlogging, particularly in shaded or protected sites. Its shallow, spreading roots cope with fluctuating moisture levels, while its low foliage provides continuous groundcover and habitat through cooler, wetter periods.
In poorly drained ground, minimise soil disturbance to avoid further compaction by using a cultivator. Plant slightly proud of the surrounding soil where possible and avoid fine mulches that hold excess moisture against the crown. See more plants for ponds and wet areas.
3. Shaded areas
Plants that aren’t adapted to shade often become leggy, produce sparse foliage or fail to flower. Light levels are low, evaporation is slower and soil often stays cooler and damper for longer. Plants receive less energy overall, which limits growth, flowering and recovery from stress.
Traits to look for in shade-tolerant plants
Plants suited to shaded conditions are adapted to make efficient use of limited light. Visually, this often appears as broader or darker green leaves, softer foliage and growth habits that spread rather than stretch. Shade-tolerant plants maintain steady growth without chasing light aggressively, allowing them to remain dense and stable.
Native plant examples with these traits
Plants with these characteristics are common in Australian forest understories, shaded gullies and woodland margins, where light is filtered rather than direct.
Native violet (Viola hederacea) spreads readily in shaded conditions, forming dense groundcover with broad leaves that capture available light efficiently. It tolerates cool, moist soils and light foot traffic, making it useful beneath trees or along shaded paths.
Native ginger (Alpinia caerulea) is well adapted to deeper shade, particularly in frost-free areas. Its broad foliage is designed to function in low light, while its clumping habit provides structure and habitat.
Martin Hannan-Jones, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Bird’s nest fern (Asplenium australasicum) is well adapted to deep shade, where its broad fronds maximise light capture in low-light conditions. It thrives in cool, protected sites and maintains structure and health where many sun-adapted plants become sparse or leggy.
In shaded ground, avoid overworking the soil, as tree roots are often close to the surface. A narrow planting tool such as a sharp planting knife or hori-hori allows you to open precise slots for planting without tearing through roots. Hand forks are useful for gently loosening the surface area.
Tools for Australian Gardeners
4. Rocky or shallow soils
Plants that aren’t adapted to rocky conditions often fail to establish at all. Roots hit surfaces and stall, plants dry out quickly after rain and growth becomes weak or uneven. Adding fertiliser or watering doesn't solve the problem, because the limitation is physical space.
Traits to look for in plants suited to rocky sites
Plants adapted to rocky or shallow soils are built to make the most of limited root space. Visually, this often appears as compact growth, smaller leaves and a low, spreading habit that reduces moisture loss. Many have tough, flexible roots that follow cracks and fissures. These plants tend to grow steadily rather than quickly, prioritising persistence.
Native plant examples with these traits
Plants with these characteristics are common in Australian rocky outcrops, escarpments and skeletal soils, where depth is limited and conditions change quickly.
Grevillea alpina (Mountain grevillea) is naturally adapted to rocky slopes and shallow soils, where moisture drains quickly. Its tough, woody root system anchors into narrow soil pockets, while its small to mid-sized leaves reduce water loss. Once established, it tolerates exposure and variable conditions without requiring deep or fertile soil.
Eric in SF, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Sticky wattle (Acacia howittii) is well suited to rocky and shallow soils, where its fine, adaptable roots follow cracks and seams rather than relying on depth. Its small leaves reduce moisture loss, and its ability to cope with low nutrient levels allows it to establish and persist where many shrubs fail.
Melburnian, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Pigface (Carpobrotus species) spreads across rock and shallow ground with ease. Its succulent leaves store moisture, allowing it to survive long dry spells, while its low growth habit stabilises soil and reduces erosion.
A narrow planting trowel allows you to place roots carefully into available spaces without excessive disturbance. Mulch lightly or use gravel where appropriate to reduce evaporation without trapping excess moisture.
5. High wind areas
Plants that aren’t adapted to wind commonly show torn or scorched foliage, stunted growth and poor establishment. Even well-watered plants can struggle, because moisture loss through leaves outpaces uptake by the roots. In these spaces, choosing plants built to tolerate movement and exposure is most effective.
Traits to look for in wind-tolerant plants
Plants suited to windy conditions are designed to move rather than resist. Visually, this often appears as narrow, tough or finely divided foliage that allows air to pass through without tearing. Many have flexible stems, compact growth habits and strong anchoring roots that hold firm even when the plant is in constant motion.
Native plant examples with these traits
Plants with these characteristics are common in Australian coastal headlands, ridgelines and open plains, where wind is a regular feature.
Coastal rosemary (Westringia species, compact forms) is naturally adapted to exposed conditions. Its narrow foliage and dense growth habit tolerate drying winds, while its root system anchors well in open sites.
Boobialla (Myoporum insulare, dwarf or prostrate forms) tolerates strong, drying winds through thick, resilient leaves and flexible stems that bend rather than tear. Its spreading habit reduces wind resistance and helps stabilise soil, making it a reliable choice for exposed sites where gusts are frequent.
Kangaroo grass (Themeda triandra) is naturally adapted to open, windy landscapes where movement is constant. Its fine, flexible blades allow air to pass through the plant, reducing damage, while its strong root system anchors firmly in exposed soils and helps stabilise surrounding ground.
In windy sites, focus on establishing strong roots rather than rapid top growth. Avoid excessive fertiliser, which can encourage soft growth that tears easily. Plant during calmer periods where possible and water deeply but less frequently to encourage roots to anchor firmly.
When nothing works, choose plants that fit the place
Difficult areas are reminders that plants succeed when their natural adaptations are respected. Australian native plants excel in challenging conditions because they evolved alongside them.
When plant choice and basic preparation align with heat, water, light and exposure, effort drops and results improve. Gardens become easier to manage not because conditions change, but because expectations do.
